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Bereshit (parsha)
Bereshit, Bereishit, Bereishis, B'reshith, Beresheet, or Bereishees ( — Hebrew for "in beginning," the first word in the parashah) is the first weekly Torah portion (, ''parashah'') in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading. The parashah consists of The parashah is made up of 7,235 Hebrew letters, 1,931 Hebrew words, and 146 verses, and can occupy about 241 lines in a Torah Scroll (, ''Sefer Torah'').〔(【引用サイトリンク】accessdate=July 6, 2013 )〕
Jews read it on the first Sabbath after Simchat Torah, generally in October or, rarely, in late September or early November.〔(【引用サイトリンク】accessdate=October 8, 2014 )〕 Jews also read the beginning part of the parashah, as the second Torah reading for Simchat Torah, after reading the last parts of the book of Deuteronomy, Parashah V'Zot HaBerachah, 〔(【引用サイトリンク】accessdate=October 8, 2014 )〕
In the parashah, God creates the world, and Adam and Eve. They eat fruit that God had forbidden them, and God expels them from the Garden of Eden. One of their sons, Cain, becomes the first murderer, killing his brother Abel out of jealousy. Adam and Eve have other children, whose descendants populate the Earth, but each generation becomes more and more degenerate until God, despairing, decides to destroy humanity. Only one man, Noah, finds God's favor.
==Readings==
In traditional Sabbath Torah reading, the parashah is divided into seven readings, or , ''aliyot''. In the Masoretic Text of the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible), Parashah Bereishit has ten "open portion" (, ''petuchah'') divisions (roughly equivalent to paragraphs, often abbreviated with the Hebrew letter (''peh'')). Parashah Bereishit has several further subdivisions, called "closed portion" (, ''setumah'') divisions (abbreviated with the Hebrew letter (''samekh'')) within the open portion (, ''petuchah'') divisions. The first seven open portion (, ''petuchah'') divisions set apart the accounts of the first seven days in the first reading (, ''aliyah''). The eighth open portion (, ''petuchah''), spans the second and third readings (, ''aliyot''). The ninth open portion (, ''petuchah'') contains the fourth, fifth, sixth, and part of the seventh readings (, ''aliyot''). The tenth open portion (, ''petuchah'') is identical with the concluding maftir () reading. Closed portion (, ''setumah'') divisions further divide the third, fourth, sixth, and seventh readings (, ''aliyot'').〔See, e.g., ''The Schottenstein Edition Interlinear Chumash: Bereishis/Genesis''. Edited by Menachem Davis, pages 2–31. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 2006. ISBN 1-4226-0202-8.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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